In the human body, what is the role of buffers?

Buffers play a crucial role in maintaining pH balance in the human body. They are substances that help to stabilize the pH of a solution by either absorbing excess hydrogen ions (H+) or releasing them when necessary. This function is vital because many biochemical processes, including enzyme activity and metabolic functions, are sensitive to changes in pH.

In the context of the human body, the most important buffering systems involve bicarbonate, phosphates, and proteins, which work in tandem to regulate the acidity or alkalinity of bodily fluids, such as blood and intracellular fluid. For instance, the bicarbonate buffer system plays a significant role in maintaining blood pH around 7.4, which is essential for normal physiological function.

Maintaining this delicate balance is crucial for overall health, as even minor deviations in pH can lead to various health issues, such as acidosis or alkalosis. Therefore, the primary function of buffers is to ensure that the body's environment remains optimal for all biological processes.